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Hematite
Magnetite
Siderite
Iron Pyrites
Calamine
Cinnabar
Argentite
Malachite
When the ores are good conductors of electricity
When the impurities can be distinguished from the ore by the naked eye
When either the ore or the impurities are magnetic
When the ore particles are heavier than the impurities
Away from the magnetic roller
On the conveyor belt
Below the magnetic roller
Above the magnetic roller
Enhances wettability of gangue particles
Stabilises the froth
Draws in the air causing frothing
Enhances non-wettability of the ore particles
Zone refining
Hydrometallurgy
Liquation
Thermite process
To avoid gangue particles
To get crude metal by using an oxidising agent
To remove volatile impurities in the form of their oxides
To make the ore porous
Na
Mg
Al
Fe
Pyrometallurgy
Electrometallurgy
Magnetic separation
Baeyer’s process
Solvay process
Bergius process
Hall-Heroult process